Since 1992-1999, the State Council has opened a number of border cities, and in addition, opened all the capital cities of inland provinces and independent regions. In addition, 15 free trade zones, 32 state-level economic and technological development zones, and 53 new and high-tech industrial development zones have been found in large and medium-sized cities. As these open areas take different special policies, they play the dual roles of "windows" in developing the foreign-oriented economy, generating foreign exchanges through exporting products and importing advanced technologies and of "radiators" in hasten inland economic development. The Shanghai Pudong New Zone has made growth in both interesting foreign capital and hastens the economic development of the Yangtze River valley. The government has extended special policies to the Pudong New Zone that is not yet enjoyed by the special economic zones. Shenzhen's new-and high-tech industry reached an output value of high-tech products of 81.98 billion yuan, making up 40.5% of the city's total industrial output value.