There are many competing theories on foreign language teaching. Teachers who have been
trained in foreign
-
language education, bilingual education, ESL education, and related fields
—
such as linguistics
—
usually have learned about predominant second
-
langu
age
-
learning theories
and their correlated instructional
implications (Fitzgerald, 1994:
339).
Cognitive
-
code learning
theory (CCLT) is a
theory of L1 and L2 studies and research.
This view was developed
in the
1960s as an alternative to Behaviorism (Richa
rds &
S. Rodgers
(2014:26)
. CCLT is said to have
briefly replaced behaviorism in the late 1960s.
At this time
,
Choms
k
y’s theory of
Transformational
generative Grammar
, which claimed language is rule
-
governed and creative,
strongly emphasized rule
-
governe
d
nature of
language and
language acquisition, rather than
habit formation
: this trend gave rise to
CCLT in which la
nguage learners are encouraged
to work
out grammar rules deductively for themselves.