In Chapter 2, the SECI (socialization,
externalization, combination, and internalization)
model, which was introduced by Nonaka and Takeuchi
(1995) in The Knowledge-Creating Company: How
Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of
Innovation, is reviewed. This model is used to illustrate
the ‘‘continuous process of conversion between
subjective, tacit knowledge and objective, explicit
knowledge’’ (p. 18). One of the components of the
SECI process is ba, the ‘‘shared context in motion, in
which knowledge is shared, created, and utilized’’ (p.
34). Ba is more than a community of practice where
learning occurs; it is a ‘‘place for knowledge
creation’’ (p. 36) that has characteristics including the
following (p. 37):