It has been shown to be a feasible way of
conducting spiritual assessment in an
outpatient population in the United States
(US) (Borneman et al 2010).
The similar HOPE approach to spiritual
assessment is based on four concepts
(Anandarajah and Hight 2001):
4H = sources of Hope, strength, comfort,
meaning, peace, love and connection.
4O = the role of Organised religion for
the patient.
4P = Personal spirituality and practices.
4E = Effects on medical care and end of life
decisions.