IFRS implementation and earnings quality. As of 2005, publicly listed companies in
Europe are required to prepare financial statements in accordance with IFRS (Regulation
EC No. 1606/2002). IFRS are deemed to enhance the comparability of financial statements,
improve corporate transparency, and increase the quality of financial reporting, to the benefit
of investors and financial markets functioning (Ashbaugh & Pincus, 2001; Barth et al.,
2008; Daske & Gebhardt, 2006; Daske et al., 2008; Ewert & Wagenhofer, 2005). As far as
boards effectiveness on earnings management constraint under IFRS setting is concerned,
Marra et al.