Interviewer : How is R&D activity measured and compared?
Expert : Well, there are various measures. Some analysts compare the budgets—both from government and from the private sector—that are available to R&D establishments
Interviewer : So, the larger the budget, the higher the level of R&D activity.
Expert : Right, Others take into account the number of new patents that are filed and obtained by a company over a given time period. A third indicator that is sometimes used is the number and the frequency of publications—especially peer-reviewed publications—that are produced by a research organization.