The study showed that the prevalence of urinary cadmium
Z1 μg/g creatinine was significantly higher in girls and in those
consuming rice grown in cadmium-contaminated areas. The study
showed significant positive associations between urinary cadmium
and urinary β2-MG and urinary calcium (early renal effects),
but not urinary total protein (late renal effect) nor blood pressure.
There were fewer significant associations between blood cadmium
and renal effect markers and blood pressure