The performance measurement can be also considered affected by the political context.
Bouckaert et al. (1997) claimed that a public organization can be represented, in a
systemic view, as a black box that, in front of a set of resources (input) provided by the
government, produces a whole of services (output) that determine a set of effects
on the society (intermediate outcome). These, in turn, cause a range of final results
(end outcome) on society. While the management is normally focused on the
measurement of input/output variables, and is guided by them (management cycle), the
end outcome is evaluated by the political level (policy cycle) that generates feedback
actions to guide the management cycle