In line with the abovementioned, modelling air pollution under
an IA approach is appropriate since the entire phenomenon is
a consequence of complex interactions between physical and
human systems. Typically, air pollution IA models (IAMs) describe
the links between the emissions of pollutants, their atmospheric
transport and chemical transformations, as well as the environmental and health impacts they produce (Carnevale et al.,
2012). In other words, air pollution IAMs cover the complete chain
of events that links human activities (emissions) to environmental
effects that can ultimately be translated into economic losses
(impacts).