We were also interested in identifying risk profiles of
trust beliefs and socioeconomic status (SES), and the role
of these risk profiles on aggressive behavior trajectories.
Research clearly indicates that low SES is associated with
aggressive problem behaviors in childhood (Dodge et al.
1994). One of the reasons for this link may be that economic
hardship and related experiences of social injustice alter the
processes by which a child is socialized (Elder and Caspi
1988) which, in turn, affect children’s aggressive behavior
(Dodge et al. 1994). A second reason for this link may be
that children from families with lower SES have less access
to social, cultural, and economic resources (Lareau 2011). It
has been argued that experiences of socioeconomic deprivation
and low social capital may lower one’s trust in others.
More specifically, some researchers have argued that children
who grow up in families with low SES may be more
likely than children from families with higher SES to possess
certain beliefs that are adaptive in the environments in
which they live, but have negative mental health consequences
(Chen 2004). For example, living in a dangerous neighborhood
may make individuals likely to mistrust others and
to be less optimistic about their community and society at
large than individuals who live in a safe neighborhood with
higher SES; these beliefs have been found to put individuals
at increased risk for health problems (Adler et al. 1994) and
may also contribute to stigmatizing or social exclusion by
individuals with higher SES. Hence, young people from
lower socioeconomic strata might be perceived as less trustworthy,
particularly if they live in poor, segregated neighborhoods
(McLoyd et al. 2009). In the present study, we
therefore investigated if children from low SES backgrounds
and with low trust beliefs (i.e., low trust in others
and low perceptions of trustworthiness by others) are at
particularly high risk for displaying stable high levels of
aggressive behavior over time. This argument has been
supported by a study that revealed that high levels of social
capital (including trust) leads to reduced or eliminated SES
effects on psychological health symptoms (Elgar et al. 2010;
see also Kawachi et al. 1997).
We were also interested in identifying risk profiles oftrust beliefs and socioeconomic status (SES), and the roleof these risk profiles on aggressive behavior trajectories.Research clearly indicates that low SES is associated withaggressive problem behaviors in childhood (Dodge et al.1994). One of the reasons for this link may be that economichardship and related experiences of social injustice alter theprocesses by which a child is socialized (Elder and Caspi1988) which, in turn, affect children’s aggressive behavior(Dodge et al. 1994). A second reason for this link may bethat children from families with lower SES have less accessto social, cultural, and economic resources (Lareau 2011). Ithas been argued that experiences of socioeconomic deprivationand low social capital may lower one’s trust in others.More specifically, some researchers have argued that childrenwho grow up in families with low SES may be morelikely than children from families with higher SES to possesscertain beliefs that are adaptive in the environments inwhich they live, but have negative mental health consequences(Chen 2004). For example, living in a dangerous neighborhoodmay make individuals likely to mistrust others andto be less optimistic about their community and society atlarge than individuals who live in a safe neighborhood withhigher SES; these beliefs have been found to put individualsat increased risk for health problems (Adler et al. 1994) andmay also contribute to stigmatizing or social exclusion byindividuals with higher SES. Hence, young people fromlower socioeconomic strata might be perceived as less trustworthy,particularly if they live in poor, segregated neighborhoods(McLoyd et al. 2009). In the present study, wetherefore investigated if children from low SES backgroundsand with low trust beliefs (i.e., low trust in othersand low perceptions of trustworthiness by others) are atparticularly high risk for displaying stable high levels ofaggressive behavior over time. This argument has beensupported by a study that revealed that high levels of socialcapital (including trust) leads to reduced or eliminated SESeffects on psychological health symptoms (Elgar et al. 2010;see also Kawachi et al. 1997).
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