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The researchers found a consistent result: the version with macro-markers was more conducive to stdents remembering the content of lecture. The makers were clues to the overall structure of the lecture and indicated major sections. The micro-markers were less helpful and the researchers hypothesized that perhaps these added little to the substantive content of the lecture but, at the same time,increased the processing load of the listeners. Certainly there is an implicatiob here for the teacher of listening; that helping learners to become aware of and exploit those macro-markers which are available in monologues such as talks, speeches, and lectures is a useful goal.