For example, on the Carden Plain, in the Kwartha Lakes area of Ontario, the native
Prairie Smoke (Geum tri!orum) is increasing on some pastures because cattle do not
eat it, and it is allowed to keep growing without stress. Viper’s Bugloss (Echium vulgare)
is classi"ed as an “invader” because it is not native to Carden Plain. It is undesirable
to cattle and thus behaves the same way as an increaser species.