The focus of backwards design (Wiggins & McTighe, 2005) is on the
desired learning outcomes rather than on the type or amount of technology
to be made available in the learning environment. Through a backwards design,
the designer of the learning experience identifies the planned outcomes
of the learning process. These outcomes will include the intended “big
ideas” (the overarching concepts and understandings to be had by learners)
and measureable results that the learners should walk away from the
experience with. Upon deciding on the outcomes, the designer then plans
the assessment protocols to measure the results. By design, the measures
should include multiple means of assessment, including authentic “real-life”