The systemic inflammatory response that occurs in the septic patient as a result of an infectious insult affects multiple organs and systems, causing numerous physiological derangements. Alterations in phagocytic, lymphocytic and endothelial cell function and immune regulation are evident, leading to heterogeneity in a host’s response to a septic challenge. In Sepsis, the systemic inflammatory response due to a microbial infection, is an extensive clinical problem with significant mortality and economic burden. Depending on a host’s responses to an infectious challenge, many pathogens may lead to sepsis. Gram-positive infections are identified in over half of sepsis cases, but Gram negatives, anaerobes and fungi are all potential sources.1 The etiology of the infection is also varied; Angus et al2 analyzed over 6 million hospitalizations in seven states, identifying 192 980 cases of severe sepsis and attributed a respiratory source of infection in 44% of cases, with the remainder due to other causes including genitourinary, abdominal, soft tissue or an unspecified bacteremia.