optional topics, lebeled as such for students, can be included
in lectures, supplementary materials, and readings.
Emphasizing the core concepts. For example, in engineering,
as one professor points out, ther are thousands of formulas,
but all of these are variations on a very limited number of
basic ideas or theories. ln a single course, students might
encounter a thousand equations. Rote memorization is futile
because no one can remember that many eqauations.
lnstead, the instructor repaeatedly amphasizes the
fundamental by showing students how the thousand
equations are embedded in a dozen basic ones.