Based on this study, we recommend that pyrolysis is a valid technique that can increase the value of palm oil wastes by producing bio-oil and bio-char. The oil can be used as a fuel in several applications to generate heat energy, and the EFB is the best material for this purpose since it has high calorific value. As a byproduct from pyrolysis, the produced mesocarp fiber based bio-char has the highest calorific value and it potentially can be used for any appli-cation that uses coal. Besides, it also can be noted that the utilization of palm oil waste as bioenergy is able to enhance the energy security in Malaysia.
nitrogen flow rate of 2 L/min and reaction time of 60 min. All of the bio-oils contained high levels of oxygen (greater than 70 wt%). The compounds identified in all of the bio-oils by FTIR analyses include phenols, alcohols, ketones, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, alkanes, and aromatic compounds.
Palm shell and mesocarp fiber were identified as biomass wastes that produced higher amounts of bio-char compared to the pyrolysis of EFB waste. A significant difference between the pyrolysis behaviors of the three main compo-nents of biomass (cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin) was observed to play an important role in the bio-char yield.