where Y1 is the yield of ethanol in relation to the total sugar consumed
(%), Y2 is the yield of ethanol compared to the initial total
sugar concentration (%), EC is the ethanol concentration (g/L) at the
end of fermentation, TS0 is the concentration of total sugars at the
beginning of fermentation (g/L) and RS is the concentration of total
sugars (g/L) at the end of fermentation.