Internal controls in digital forensics
In practical terms, these reveal themselves in some of the characteristics of an existing system when, for example, a newitem of evidence is introduced into the lab. Itwould first be recorded in someform of log.Whenthe evidence image is copied onto the storage facility its success or failure needs to be validated, perhaps with a cryptographic hash digest, for example SHA-1, and this is recorded in the log book. The hash digest is an inherent property of the image. If the validation fails, the operator would investigate the process or equipment and make remedies and rerun the copy. This time, hopefully, it would succeed and the task is complete. Its success, and the previous failure, should both be recorded on the log book. In a paper system, the log book should have certain characteristics. The pages should be numbered and bound together. Anything written should be in ink. Lines on the page should either have writing or be lined through. If the log book is implemented on a computer system there should be an external verification, for example a time date stamp encrypted by PKI, that is beyond the capabilities of the operator to amend. These sorts of controls are common and should be familiar to any investigator. All these processes should be subject to an Audit. By Auditing,we are checking that the systemworked. The main problem with Auditing is that it is reflective and it often implies a protracted period of time passing before the audit. External audits are often annual, internal audits are perhaps, quarterly. It addresses issues that occurred in the past,assesses their conformance or non-conformance and should trigger changes in the system to prevent further breaches. This was the case in the quality control employed in most industries in the Western World after the Second World War. Generally, goods were manufactured and were subject to quality control as a final stage where a sample set was tested for conformance. Those non-conforming were removed and either reworked or scrapped. The audit would trigger a period of reflection and perhaps modification to the production system to reduce the failure rate. Regrettably, there was an acceptance that a percentage of nonconformances would get through the system.
ควบคุมภายในในนิติดิจิตอลIn practical terms, these reveal themselves in some of the characteristics of an existing system when, for example, a newitem of evidence is introduced into the lab. Itwould first be recorded in someform of log.Whenthe evidence image is copied onto the storage facility its success or failure needs to be validated, perhaps with a cryptographic hash digest, for example SHA-1, and this is recorded in the log book. The hash digest is an inherent property of the image. If the validation fails, the operator would investigate the process or equipment and make remedies and rerun the copy. This time, hopefully, it would succeed and the task is complete. Its success, and the previous failure, should both be recorded on the log book. In a paper system, the log book should have certain characteristics. The pages should be numbered and bound together. Anything written should be in ink. Lines on the page should either have writing or be lined through. If the log book is implemented on a computer system there should be an external verification, for example a time date stamp encrypted by PKI, that is beyond the capabilities of the operator to amend. These sorts of controls are common and should be familiar to any investigator. All these processes should be subject to an Audit. By Auditing,we are checking that the systemworked. The main problem with Auditing is that it is reflective and it often implies a protracted period of time passing before the audit. External audits are often annual, internal audits are perhaps, quarterly. It addresses issues that occurred in the past,assesses their conformance or non-conformance and should trigger changes in the system to prevent further breaches. This was the case in the quality control employed in most industries in the Western World after the Second World War. Generally, goods were manufactured and were subject to quality control as a final stage where a sample set was tested for conformance. Those non-conforming were removed and either reworked or scrapped. The audit would trigger a period of reflection and perhaps modification to the production system to reduce the failure rate. Regrettably, there was an acceptance that a percentage of nonconformances would get through the system.
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