Naylor (2003) then categorizes offenses like money laundering and tax evasion as secondary
crimes that are derived from or are inherent to the three basic categories of profit-driven crime.
Consideration of such taxonomies may help research and anti-fraud professionals clarify their
approach to fraud detection and deterrence. Accounting research traditionally uses the fraud triangle
to describe all types of fraud (e.g., management fraud, embezzlement, bribery). Naylor’s research
can help accounting researchers rethink the ‘‘one-size-fits-all’’ approach accounting researchers
have taken with respect to the fraud triangle (Naylor 2003). For example, to make the fraud triangle
relevant to financial reporting fraud, Cressey’s (1953) original ‘‘non-shareable problem’’ has been
converted to ‘‘incentives.’’ It is possible that the incentives for a perpetrator to commit financial
reporting fraud are less direct and more organizationally oriented than the monetary benefits
originally envisioned by Cressey’s (1953) model, which was focused on theft of cash by deception.