Identifying performance obligations
22 At contract inception, an entity shall assess the goods or services
promised in a contract with a customer and shall identify as a
performance obligation each promise to transfer to the customer either:
(a) a good or service (or a bundle of goods or services) that is distinct;
or
(b) a series of distinct goods or services that are substantially the
same and that have the same pattern of transfer to the customer
(see paragraph 23).
23 A series of distinct goods or services has the same pattern of transfer to the
customer if both of the following criteria are met:
(a) each distinct good or service in the series that the entity promises to
transfer to the customer would meet the criteria in paragraph 35 to be a
performance obligation satisfied over time; and
(b) in accordance with paragraphs 39–40, the same method would be used
to measure the entity’s progress towards complete satisfaction of the
performance obligation to transfer each distinct good or service in the
series to the customer.
Promises in contracts with customers
24 A contract with a customer generally explicitly states the goods or services that
an entity promises to transfer to a customer. However, the performance
obligations identified in a contract with a customer may not be limited to the
goods or services that are explicitly stated in that contract. This is because a
contract with a customer may also include promises that are implied by an
entity’s customary business practices, published policies or specific statements
if, at the time of entering into the contract, those promises create a valid
expectation of the customer that the entity will transfer a good or service to the
customer.
25 Performance obligations do not include activities that an entity must undertake
to fulfil a contract unless those activities transfer a good or service to a
customer. For example, a services provider may need to perform various
administrative tasks to set up a contract. The performance of those tasks does
not transfer a service to the customer as the tasks are performed. Therefore,
those setup activities are not a performance obligation.
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD
15 IFRS Foundation
Distinct goods or services
26 Depending on the contract, promised goods or services may include, but are not
limited to, the following:
(a) sale of goods produced by an entity (for example, inventory of a
manufacturer);
(b) resale of goods purchased by an entity (for example, merchandise of a
retailer);
(c) resale of rights to goods or services purchased by an entity (for example,
a ticket resold by an entity acting as a principal, as described in
paragraphs B34–B38);
(d) performing a contractually agreed-upon task (or tasks) for a customer;
(e) providing a service of standing ready to provide goods or services (for
example, unspecified updates to software that are provided on a
when-and-if-available basis) or of making goods or services available for a
customer to use as and when the customer decides;
(f) providing a service of arranging for another party to transfer goods or
services to a customer (for example, acting as an agent of another party,
as described in paragraphs B34–B38);
(g) granting rights to goods or services to be provided in the future that a
customer can resell or provide to its customer (for example, an entity
selling a product to a retailer promises to transfer an additional good or
service to an individual who purchases the product from the retailer);
(h) constructing, manufacturing or developing an asset on behalf of a
customer;
(i) granting licences (see paragraphs B52–B63); and
(j) granting options to purchase additional goods or services (when those
options provide a customer with a material right, as described in
paragraphs B39–B43).
27 A good or service that is promised to a customer is distinct if both of the
following criteria are met:
(a) the customer can benefit from the good or service either on its own or
together with other resources that are readily available to the customer
(ie the good or service is capable of being distinct); and
(b) the entity’s promise to transfer the good or service to the customer is
separately identifiable from other promises in the contract (ie the good
or service is distinct within the context of the contract).
28 A customer can benefit from a good or service in accordance with
paragraph 27(a) if the good or service could be used, consumed, sold for an
amount that is greater than scrap value or otherwise held in a way that
generates economic benefits. For some goods or services, a customer may be
able to benefit from a good or service on its own. For other goods or services, a
customer may be able to benefit from the good or service only in conjunction
IFRS 15 REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS
IFRS Foundation 16
with other readily available resources. A readily available resource is a good or
service that is sold separately (by the entity or another entity) or a resource that
the customer has already obtained from the entity (including goods or services
that the entity will have already transferred to the customer under the contract)
or from other transactions or events. Various factors may provide evidence that
the customer can benefit from a good or service either on its own or in
conjunction with other readily available resources. For example, the fact that
the entity regularly sells a good or service separately would indicate that a
customer can benefit from the good or service on its own or with other readily
available resources.
29 Factors that indicate that an entity’s promise to transfer a good or service to a
customer is separately identifiable (in accordance with paragraph 27(b)) include,
but are not limited to, the following:
(a) the entity does not provide a significant service of integrating the good
or service with other goods or services promised in the contract into a
bundle of goods or services that represent the combined output for
which the customer has contracted. In other words, the entity is not
using the good or service as an input to produce or deliver the combined
output specified by the customer.
(b) the good or service does not significantly modify or customise another
good or service promised in the contract.
(c) the good or service is not highly dependent on, or highly interrelated
with, other goods or services promised in the contract. For example, the
fact that a customer could decide to not purchase the good or service
without significantly affecting the other promised goods or services in
the contract might indicate that the good or service is not highly
dependent on, or highly interrelated with, those other promised goods
or services.
30 If a promised good or service is not distinct, an entity shall combine that good or
service with other promised goods or services until it identifies a bundle of
goods or services that is distinct. In some cases, that would result in the entity
accounting for all the goods or services promised in a contract as a single
performance obligation.
Identifying performance obligations22 At contract inception, an entity shall assess the goods or servicespromised in a contract with a customer and shall identify as aperformance obligation each promise to transfer to the customer either:(a) a good or service (or a bundle of goods or services) that is distinct;or(b) a series of distinct goods or services that are substantially thesame and that have the same pattern of transfer to the customer(see paragraph 23).23 A series of distinct goods or services has the same pattern of transfer to thecustomer if both of the following criteria are met:(a) each distinct good or service in the series that the entity promises totransfer to the customer would meet the criteria in paragraph 35 to be aperformance obligation satisfied over time; and(b) in accordance with paragraphs 39–40, the same method would be usedto measure the entity’s progress towards complete satisfaction of theperformance obligation to transfer each distinct good or service in theseries to the customer.Promises in contracts with customers24 A contract with a customer generally explicitly states the goods or services thatan entity promises to transfer to a customer. However, the performanceobligations identified in a contract with a customer may not be limited to thegoods or services that are explicitly stated in that contract. This is because acontract with a customer may also include promises that are implied by anของเอนทิตีธุรกิจจารีตประเพณี ประกาศนโยบาย หรือคำเฉพาะถ้า ในขณะเข้าทำสัญญา สัญญาเหล่านั้นสร้างความถูกต้องความคาดหวังของลูกค้าว่า เอนทิตีจะโอนดี หรือบริการเพื่อการลูกค้าภาระหน้าที่ประสิทธิภาพ 25 ไม่รวมกิจกรรมที่ต้องดำเนินการเอนทิตีการตอบสนองสัญญาเว้นแต่กิจกรรมที่ถ่ายโอนดี หรือบริการเพื่อการลูกค้า ตัวอย่าง ให้บริการอาจจำเป็นต้องดำเนินการต่าง ๆงานด้านการจัดการการตั้งค่าสัญญา ประสิทธิภาพของงานเหล่านั้นไม่ไม่โอนย้ายการบริการไปยังลูกค้าเป็นงานจะดำเนินการต่อ ดังนั้นกิจกรรมการตั้งค่าเหล่านั้นไม่มีข้อผูกมัดในการประสิทธิภาพการทำงานมาตรฐานรายงานทางการเงินระหว่างประเทศมูลนิธิ 15 IFRSความแตกต่างของสินค้าหรือบริการ26 ตามสัญญา สัญญาว่า สินค้าหรือบริการอาจรวมถึง แต่ไม่จำกัด(มหาชน) ต่อไป:(ก) การขายสินค้าที่ผลิต โดยองค์กร (ตัวอย่าง สินค้าคงคลังของการผู้ผลิต);(ข) การขายสินค้าที่ซื้อหน่วย (ตัวอย่าง สินค้าของตัวแทนจำหน่าย);(ค) ขายสิทธิ์ให้สินค้าหรือบริการที่ซื้อหน่วยงาน (ตัวอย่างตั๋วมาในหน่วยงานทำหน้าที่เป็นครูใหญ่ย่อหน้าที่ B34-B38);(ง) ดำเนินการในสัญญาตกลงตามงาน (หรืองาน) สำหรับลูกค้า(จ) ให้บริการหลักพร้อมที่จะให้สินค้าหรือบริการสำหรับตัวอย่าง ไม่ได้ระบุการปรับปรุงซอฟต์แวร์ที่มีการwhen-and-if-available basis) or of making goods or services available for acustomer to use as and when the customer decides;(f) providing a service of arranging for another party to transfer goods orservices to a customer (for example, acting as an agent of another party,as described in paragraphs B34–B38);(g) granting rights to goods or services to be provided in the future that acustomer can resell or provide to its customer (for example, an entityselling a product to a retailer promises to transfer an additional good orservice to an individual who purchases the product from the retailer);(h) constructing, manufacturing or developing an asset on behalf of acustomer;(i) granting licences (see paragraphs B52–B63); and(j) granting options to purchase additional goods or services (when thoseoptions provide a customer with a material right, as described inparagraphs B39–B43).27 A good or service that is promised to a customer is distinct if both of thefollowing criteria are met:(a) the customer can benefit from the good or service either on its own ortogether with other resources that are readily available to the customer(ie the good or service is capable of being distinct); and(b) the entity’s promise to transfer the good or service to the customer isseparately identifiable from other promises in the contract (ie the goodor service is distinct within the context of the contract).28 A customer can benefit from a good or service in accordance withparagraph 27(a) if the good or service could be used, consumed, sold for anamount that is greater than scrap value or otherwise held in a way thatgenerates economic benefits. For some goods or services, a customer may beable to benefit from a good or service on its own. For other goods or services, acustomer may be able to benefit from the good or service only in conjunctionIFRS 15 REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS IFRS Foundation 16with other readily available resources. A readily available resource is a good orservice that is sold separately (by the entity or another entity) or a resource thatthe customer has already obtained from the entity (including goods or servicesthat the entity will have already transferred to the customer under the contract)or from other transactions or events. Various factors may provide evidence thatthe customer can benefit from a good or service either on its own or inconjunction with other readily available resources. For example, the fact thatthe entity regularly sells a good or service separately would indicate that acustomer can benefit from the good or service on its own or with other readilyavailable resources.29 Factors that indicate that an entity’s promise to transfer a good or service to acustomer is separately identifiable (in accordance with paragraph 27(b)) include,but are not limited to, the following:(a) the entity does not provide a significant service of integrating the goodor service with other goods or services promised in the contract into abundle of goods or services that represent the combined output forwhich the customer has contracted. In other words, the entity is notusing the good or service as an input to produce or deliver the combinedoutput specified by the customer.(b) the good or service does not significantly modify or customise anothergood or service promised in the contract.(c) the good or service is not highly dependent on, or highly interrelatedwith, other goods or services promised in the contract. For example, thefact that a customer could decide to not purchase the good or servicewithout significantly affecting the other promised goods or services inthe contract might indicate that the good or service is not highlydependent on, or highly interrelated with, those other promised goodsor services.30 If a promised good or service is not distinct, an entity shall combine that good orservice with other promised goods or services until it identifies a bundle ofgoods or services that is distinct. In some cases, that would result in the entityaccounting for all the goods or services promised in a contract as a singleperformance obligation.
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