There was fear on both sides, as the different peoples realized how different their societies were.[30] The whites regarded the Indians as "savage" because they were not Christian. They were suspicious of cultures which they did not understand.[30] The Native American author, Andrew J. Blackbird, wrote in his History of the Ottawa and Chippewa Indians of Michigan, (1897), that white settlers introduced some immoralities into Native American tribes. Many Indians suffered because the Europeans introduced alcohol and the whiskey trade resulted in alcoholism among the people, who were alcohol-intolerant.