2.2 Experimental verification
To confirm the accuracy of the finite element
model, both the calculated temperature and the stress
fields were verified in the experiment. The time–
temperature curves at specific positions of web near the
fusion zone were recorded by K-type ther mocouples.
Meanwhile, the distribution of the flange residual stress
was measured using the blind hole method. The layout of
the points that measured is shown in Fig. 3, where the
ther mocouples were installed at Pints A, B and C and six
strain gauges with 1 mm in length were located on the
bottom surface of the flange from 1 to 6. To ensure the
reproducibility of findings, the measurements were done
three times and the mean value was recorded.