ADULT EDUCATION WITHOUT A CLASSROOM
..The dominance of the classroom in adult education traditions can obscure the fact that learning by adults also takes place in much less structured situations and will always do so. This is not the place to review such informal educational activities in detail, but a reference is appropriate. It sets out-of-class activities in the right context and points the way to even greater flexibility on the part of teachers, organisers and administrators.
....In Britain many voluntary organisations have a strong educational concern. Trade unions and the various women's organisations achieve a great deal without forming a class or a formal instruction group. The National Federation of Community Associations places great stress on creating an informal, open-ended learning situation in community centres, while the Cambridgeshire Village Colleges and other community adult education centres are pioneering a slightly more purposefully educational version of the good community centre's lively and self-governing-voluntary groups.
..Although the Adult School Union has been responsible for the formation of many autonomous study groups, one must go outside Britain for examples of the systematic development of this form of adult education, midway between the formal class and the voluntary recreational association. The Swedish study circles frequently achieve a considerable degree of internal autonomy: 'the participants decide when they will meet, what they will study and how it will be done;. . . All leaders must refrain from the usual teacher-pupil relationship'.
...Systems of this kind are most common in countries where long distances between centres, or economic factors, make formal adult education difficult to provide. They are significant, however, for other situations because they indicate a role for the adult educator different from that of a classroom teacher. This role is expanded further when adult education is associated with a range of activities usually described as community development.
....An important element in community development is the encouraging of groups of people to come together to define their community's problems or needs, from bus shelters to youth clubs and recreational groups, and to work out means by which these needs may be met. In Britain this process in commonly seen as a form of social work, partly because of the concentration of activity in areas with widely recognised social problems. However, the techniques and resources of adult education have a valuable part to play, and those who deploy them can be encouraged by the possibility that community development work may enable them to contact a wider variety of people than the normal methods of adult education. For this reason, and because problems of leisure are beginning to be formulated in many neighbourhoods which are more clearly within the traditional province of adult education than some problems tackled by community development, it is probable that the two fields of activity will find new common ground in Britain, as has been the case in other countries.
..In parts of North America, especially in rural areas, adult education is often cast entirely in the mould of community development. University extension has included many different approaches. One writer, for example, describes functional extension as follows:
ADULT EDUCATION WITHOUT A CLASSROOM..The dominance of the classroom in adult education traditions can obscure the fact that learning by adults also takes place in much less structured situations and will always do so. This is not the place to review such informal educational activities in detail, but a reference is appropriate. It sets out-of-class activities in the right context and points the way to even greater flexibility on the part of teachers, organisers and administrators.....In Britain many voluntary organisations have a strong educational concern. Trade unions and the various women's organisations achieve a great deal without forming a class or a formal instruction group. The National Federation of Community Associations places great stress on creating an informal, open-ended learning situation in community centres, while the Cambridgeshire Village Colleges and other community adult education centres are pioneering a slightly more purposefully educational version of the good community centre's lively and self-governing-voluntary groups... แม้ว่าผู้ใหญ่โรงเรียนร่วมได้รับผิดชอบการจัดตั้งกลุ่มศึกษาอิสระมาก หนึ่งต้องไปนอกราชอาณาจักรสำหรับตัวอย่างของการพัฒนาระบบการศึกษาผู้ใหญ่ มิดเวย์ระหว่างชั้นอย่างเป็นทางการและสมาคมหย่อนความสมัครใจแบบนี้ วงการศึกษาสวีเดนมักให้อิสระภายในในระดับมาก: ' ผู้เข้าร่วมการตัดสินใจเมื่อพวกเขาจะพบ สิ่งที่พวกเขาจะเรียน และวิธีจะเกิด ขึ้น; ผู้นำทั้งหมดต้องละเว้นจากความสัมพันธ์ของครูนักเรียนปกติ '... ระบบชนิดนี้มีทั่วประเทศมีความยาวระยะทางระหว่างศูนย์ หรือปัจจัยทางเศรษฐกิจ ทำให้การศึกษาผู้ใหญ่ทางยากให้ พวกเขาจะมีนัยสำคัญ อย่างไรก็ตาม สำหรับสถานการณ์อื่น ๆ เนื่องจากพวกเขาแสดงบทบาทสำหรับการผู้ใหญ่ประวัติผู้สอนและของครูห้องเรียน บทบาทนี้จะขยายเพิ่มเติมเมื่อเกี่ยวข้องกับกิจกรรมที่มักจะอธิบายว่า การพัฒนาชุมชนการศึกษาผู้ใหญ่....An important element in community development is the encouraging of groups of people to come together to define their community's problems or needs, from bus shelters to youth clubs and recreational groups, and to work out means by which these needs may be met. In Britain this process in commonly seen as a form of social work, partly because of the concentration of activity in areas with widely recognised social problems. However, the techniques and resources of adult education have a valuable part to play, and those who deploy them can be encouraged by the possibility that community development work may enable them to contact a wider variety of people than the normal methods of adult education. For this reason, and because problems of leisure are beginning to be formulated in many neighbourhoods which are more clearly within the traditional province of adult education than some problems tackled by community development, it is probable that the two fields of activity will find new common ground in Britain, as has been the case in other countries...In parts of North America, especially in rural areas, adult education is often cast entirely in the mould of community development. University extension has included many different approaches. One writer, for example, describes functional extension as follows:
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