Data collection and data analysis
The data used in this study were taken from the critical indicators for benchmarking used in the RAFAELA system, sent annually from hospitals to the company responsible for maintaining the system, who in turn publishes annual reports (Fagerstro¨m & Rauhala 2007).
The system’s critical indicators consist of two larger units of data, ward-related information and informa-tion on NI. For the purposes of this study, the following indicators were assessed: ward-related information, such as number of beds, number of nurses, nursing staff
employment structure (skill mix), reliability rating (gi-ven as a percentage); and information on NI such as number of daily patient classifications, NI per day, NI
per patient, NI per nurse, and reference values of opti-mal NI level for each ward. The data were compiled into an Excel table and thereafter analysed using the MS EXCE L2000 spreadsheet program. Descriptive statistics are presented in Tables 1–5.
Results
Presentation of wards
The size of the wards looked at in this study varied from 20 to 40 beds. Seven wards out of nine had more than 30 beds. The mean number of beds on surgical units
was 36.5, whereas the mean number on internal medi-cine units was 28 and on neurology units 29.5. The smallest ward, counting only 20 beds, was specially
developed for infectious disease patients and contained isolation facilities.
All of the participating wards personnel nurse re-sources, including skill mix, are presented in Table 1. In Finland, assistant nurses have a vocational education,
achieved after 2 to 3 years of post-secondary school education. Approximately 15 years ago, the Finnish Ministry of Social Affairs and Health chose to cease the registration of Clinical Nurse Specialists. Thus, amongst the registered nurses, there are nurses both with and
without further specialization education and/or exams. During 2006, the mean of personnel nurse resources was 24.5, during 2007 it was 23.5. The number of nurses per ward varied from 20.5 to 34 (including head nurse, assistant head nurse, registered nurses and
assistant nurses). The nurse-to-patient ratio was calcu-lated for each ward and year. Hospital C had the lowest nurse-to-patient ratio (0.55–0.66) and Hospital B the
highest (0.8–1.08). The mean nurse-to-patient ratio for all wards was 0.79.
In accordance with the RAFAELA system’s quality assurance system, the reliability of the nurses dailypatient classifications is tested annually through parallel
classifications. This entails that two nurses classify approximately 150 patients on each ward indepen-dently of one another. Only 1–2 wards were not able to provide a reliability value of over 70%. The mean reliability value was 73.2% for 2006 and 78.7% for 2007
Data collection and data analysisThe data used in this study were taken from the critical indicators for benchmarking used in the RAFAELA system, sent annually from hospitals to the company responsible for maintaining the system, who in turn publishes annual reports (Fagerstro¨m & Rauhala 2007).The system’s critical indicators consist of two larger units of data, ward-related information and informa-tion on NI. For the purposes of this study, the following indicators were assessed: ward-related information, such as number of beds, number of nurses, nursing staffemployment structure (skill mix), reliability rating (gi-ven as a percentage); and information on NI such as number of daily patient classifications, NI per day, NIper patient, NI per nurse, and reference values of opti-mal NI level for each ward. The data were compiled into an Excel table and thereafter analysed using the MS EXCE L2000 spreadsheet program. Descriptive statistics are presented in Tables 1–5.ResultsPresentation of wardsThe size of the wards looked at in this study varied from 20 to 40 beds. Seven wards out of nine had more than 30 beds. The mean number of beds on surgical unitswas 36.5, whereas the mean number on internal medi-cine units was 28 and on neurology units 29.5. The smallest ward, counting only 20 beds, was speciallydeveloped for infectious disease patients and contained isolation facilities.All of the participating wards personnel nurse re-sources, including skill mix, are presented in Table 1. In Finland, assistant nurses have a vocational education,
achieved after 2 to 3 years of post-secondary school education. Approximately 15 years ago, the Finnish Ministry of Social Affairs and Health chose to cease the registration of Clinical Nurse Specialists. Thus, amongst the registered nurses, there are nurses both with and
without further specialization education and/or exams. During 2006, the mean of personnel nurse resources was 24.5, during 2007 it was 23.5. The number of nurses per ward varied from 20.5 to 34 (including head nurse, assistant head nurse, registered nurses and
assistant nurses). The nurse-to-patient ratio was calcu-lated for each ward and year. Hospital C had the lowest nurse-to-patient ratio (0.55–0.66) and Hospital B the
highest (0.8–1.08). The mean nurse-to-patient ratio for all wards was 0.79.
In accordance with the RAFAELA system’s quality assurance system, the reliability of the nurses dailypatient classifications is tested annually through parallel
classifications. This entails that two nurses classify approximately 150 patients on each ward indepen-dently of one another. Only 1–2 wards were not able to provide a reliability value of over 70%. The mean reliability value was 73.2% for 2006 and 78.7% for 2007
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