Numerous investigations indicate that dimethylformamide is unlikely to have
genotoxic effects (Tables 9 and 10). No carcinogenic potential of the substance could be
shown in two long-term inhalation studies with rats and mice. An increased incidence of
testis tumours has been reported in workers who had been exposed to dimethylformamide,
probably at high levels.
It has been suggested that the cytotoxic effects of dimethylformamide, especially in
liver cells, result from the action of an electrophilic metabolite, since N-acetyl-S-(Nmethylcarbamoyl)
cysteine, formed by breakdown of a dimethylformamide-glu-tathione
adduct, has been detected in the urine of a test person (Mráz and Turecek 1987).
In vitro, dimethylformamide causes differentiation (maturation) of wholly or partially
transformed cultured cells; the postulated mechanism involves reduction in the levels of
intracellular glutathione.
Taken together with even small amounts of alcohol, dimethylformamide produces
intolerance reactions (e.g. flushing). The mechanism is considered to involve the inhibition
of alcohol dehydrogenases and acetaldehyde dehydrogenases by dimethylformamide, and
interference in dimethylformamide metabolism by alcohol (Bittersohl and Berger 1985,
Eben and Kimmerle 1976, IPCS 1991, Kennedy 1986, Lyle et al. 1979).
Numerous investigations indicate that dimethylformamide is unlikely to havegenotoxic effects (Tables 9 and 10). No carcinogenic potential of the substance could beshown in two long-term inhalation studies with rats and mice. An increased incidence oftestis tumours has been reported in workers who had been exposed to dimethylformamide,probably at high levels.It has been suggested that the cytotoxic effects of dimethylformamide, especially inliver cells, result from the action of an electrophilic metabolite, since N-acetyl-S-(Nmethylcarbamoyl)cysteine, formed by breakdown of a dimethylformamide-glu-tathioneadduct, has been detected in the urine of a test person (Mráz and Turecek 1987).In vitro, dimethylformamide causes differentiation (maturation) of wholly or partiallytransformed cultured cells; the postulated mechanism involves reduction in the levels ofintracellular glutathione.Taken together with even small amounts of alcohol, dimethylformamide producesintolerance reactions (e.g. flushing). The mechanism is considered to involve the inhibitionof alcohol dehydrogenases and acetaldehyde dehydrogenases by dimethylformamide, andinterference in dimethylformamide metabolism by alcohol (Bittersohl and Berger 1985,Eben and Kimmerle 1976, IPCS 1991, Kennedy 1986, Lyle et al. 1979).
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