How to Identify and Allocate to Different Goods and Services within a Contract?
Under IAS 18, Revenue (IAS 18.13)
The recognition criteria in this Standard are usually applied separately to each transaction. However, in
certain circumstances, it is necessary to apply the recognition criteria to the separately identifiable
components of a single transaction in order to reflect the substance of the transaction. For example, when
the selling price of a product includes an identifiable amount for subsequent servicing, that amount is
deferred and recognized as revenue over the period during which the service is performed. Conversely, the
recognition criteria are applied to two or more transactions together when they are linked in such a way that
the commercial effect cannot be understood without reference to the series of transactions as a whole. For
example, an entity may sell goods and, at the same time, enter into a separate agreement to repurchase
the goods at a later date, thus negating the substantive effect of the transaction; in such a case, the two
transactions are dealt with together.
Under IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (IFRS 15.22-30)
Factors that indicate that an entity’s promise to transfer a good or service to a customer is separately
identifiable (in accordance with paragraph 27(b)) include, but are not limited to, the following: (IFRS 15.29)
a) the entity does not provide a significant service of integrating the good or service with other
goods or services promised in the contract into a bundle of goods or services that represent
the combined output for which the customer has contracted. In other words, the entity is not
using the good or service as an input to produce or deliver the combined output specified by
the customer.
b) the good or service does not significantly modify or customize another good or service
promised in the contract.
c) the good or service is not highly dependent on, or highly interrelated with, other goods or
services promised in the contract. For example, the fact that a customer could decide to not
purchase the good or service without significantly affecting the other promised goods or
services in the contract might indicate that the good or service is not highly dependent on, or
highly interrelated with, those other promised goods or services.
Analysis of the Change
Previously, given the lack of specific guidance in IFRSs, there was greater room for judgment when
identifying the goods and services within a contract and then allocating the revenue to those goods and
services identified. Entities may have to amend their current accounting policies as a result of the more
detailed guidance in IFRS 15. The new standard requires the revenue from a contract to be allocated to
each distinct good or service provided on a relative standalone selling price basis, though a ‘residual’
approach is permitted in limited circumstances.
This may significantly change the profile of revenue recognition for some entities where, for example, they
offer a ‘free’ maintenance period to customers as part of a transaction. Where entities have a large number
of customers with different options, there may be some significant practical challenges to overcome in order
to ensure systems are in place to deal with the new requirements.
How to Identify and Allocate to Different Goods and Services within a Contract?Under IAS 18, Revenue (IAS 18.13)The recognition criteria in this Standard are usually applied separately to each transaction. However, incertain circumstances, it is necessary to apply the recognition criteria to the separately identifiablecomponents of a single transaction in order to reflect the substance of the transaction. For example, whenthe selling price of a product includes an identifiable amount for subsequent servicing, that amount isdeferred and recognized as revenue over the period during which the service is performed. Conversely, therecognition criteria are applied to two or more transactions together when they are linked in such a way thatthe commercial effect cannot be understood without reference to the series of transactions as a whole. Forexample, an entity may sell goods and, at the same time, enter into a separate agreement to repurchasethe goods at a later date, thus negating the substantive effect of the transaction; in such a case, the twotransactions are dealt with together.Under IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (IFRS 15.22-30)Factors that indicate that an entity’s promise to transfer a good or service to a customer is separatelyidentifiable (in accordance with paragraph 27(b)) include, but are not limited to, the following: (IFRS 15.29)a) the entity does not provide a significant service of integrating the good or service with othergoods or services promised in the contract into a bundle of goods or services that representthe combined output for which the customer has contracted. In other words, the entity is notusing the good or service as an input to produce or deliver the combined output specified bythe customer.b) the good or service does not significantly modify or customize another good or service promised in the contract.c) the good or service is not highly dependent on, or highly interrelated with, other goods orservices promised in the contract. For example, the fact that a customer could decide to notpurchase the good or service without significantly affecting the other promised goods orservices in the contract might indicate that the good or service is not highly dependent on, orhighly interrelated with, those other promised goods or services.Analysis of the ChangePreviously, given the lack of specific guidance in IFRSs, there was greater room for judgment whenidentifying the goods and services within a contract and then allocating the revenue to those goods andservices identified. Entities may have to amend their current accounting policies as a result of the moredetailed guidance in IFRS 15. The new standard requires the revenue from a contract to be allocated toeach distinct good or service provided on a relative standalone selling price basis, though a ‘residual’approach is permitted in limited circumstances.This may significantly change the profile of revenue recognition for some entities where, for example, theyoffer a ‘free’ maintenance period to customers as part of a transaction. Where entities have a large numberof customers with different options, there may be some significant practical challenges to overcome in orderto ensure systems are in place to deal with the new requirements.
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