It should be noted that through the forced assimilation of all minorities in the country, the Thai state managed to utilize Thai popular nationalism to serve the purpose of creating a mono-ethnic state. Yet, the era of forced assimilation ended with the popular resistance of Patani people and their religious leaders, the most famous among them was Hajji Sulong, who was sentenced to three years’ imprisonment for the offense of sedition within the kingdom. In general, relations between the Malay Muslims of the deep South and Thai authorities have changed little since. The major components of mistrust, condescension, and misunderstanding are still prevalent among government officials. Fear, resentment, and disapproval of Thai rule and power are also as common among Malay Muslims.