conventional cooling needs on smaller
engines with mechanically driven water pumps vary between 2.0 to 2.6 L/min/kW.
Some advanced engines already run at 1.0 - 1.7 L/min/kW. It is predicted that with an electric pump & diverter value with precision cooling & nucleate boiling sensing & control, flow under 1.0 L/min/kW would be achievable