Strength of this study is that it was driven by theory, a limitation of several established measures. This project also allowed both the patient and the caregiver to identify themselves as caregivers, as there has been a tendency for studies of caregivers to poorly define, or not define at all, their samples [15]. Limitations of this study include a small sample size and the lack of discriminative validity; however, no predictions were made as there were no theoretically driven expectations. Overall, this new instrument has established factor structure, reliability and validity, and future research can use the CaSES to trial interventions aimed at increasing self-efficacy in this sample. Further testing could also be conducted on this instrument, to evaluate the responsiveness over time to intervention.