Coffee is an important plantation crop grown in about 80 countries across the globe. In recent years, coffee attained lot of attention in the biotechnology research area. Since last three decades, there has been a steady flow of information on coffee biotechnology and now it is entering into the genomic era. Major milestones in coffee biotech research are successful in vitro manipulation and multiplication of coffee, development of gene transfer protocols and generation of transgenic coffee plants with specific traits. The isolation of genes involved in caffeine biosynthetic pathway has opened up new avenues for generating caffeine free transgenic coffee. With the initiation of international coffee genomics initiatives, the genomic research in coffee is expected to reach new dimensions.