Over the past decade, it has been argued that technology-enhanced learning (TEL) could respond to the needs of the new knowledge society and transform learning (Chan et al. 2006) TEL can be perceived as a smart learning system (Hwang 2014). While there are indeed isolated achievements, TEL becomes a key consideration in the current revolutionizing of education and learning processes (Hwang 2014; Price 2015). This implies that a fundamental change of traditional schooling is needed: as said by Wirth and Perkins (2008), there is a "need for new kinds of learning" (p2). This section identifies three major challenges of current educational systems that require innovative uses of learning technologies to tear down the
barriers and tackle the challenges.