The studies were categorized into two types of research design, based on whether the individual who conducted the assessment was the same person who provided the ratings used in the validation study. The study was classified as an assessor recommendation when there was direct interaction between the participant and the assessor who made the predictio1 that was used in the validation study. These assessors had primary access to all standardized test data and interview infor upon which a judgment was made for each candidate. There were some studies in which a single assessor had primary access to all information, having been the only interviewer, but a panel decision was made by several psychologists who did not have direct contact with the participant. A decision was made in these cases to code such studies as assessor recommendations, as long as at least one person on the assessment panel had engaged in direct contact with the individual in question recommendations Secondary source included studies in which numerical ratings were made based on a written report provided to