1. Introduction
Banana, a tropical fruit, is widely cultivated over 130 countries worldwide. Globally, its product (about
16%) is the second largest amount compared with other fruits [1]. This fruit is important to Thailand’s
economy because it is consumed in country and annually exported more than 300 million baths [2].
Banana was increasingly exported about 34.3 % in the first seven months in 2007 and its value has
increased to 53.4 % in 2008. Banana can be consumed in the fresh form and 80% of ripe banana is
processed and is ingredient in many types of food such as baby food, banana streamed pastry, deep fried
banana, sun-dried banana, sweet banana crisp, and banana stirs. In general banana peel was abandoned as
a solid waste. When the peel was decomposed, it produces noxious gases such as hydrogen sulphide and
ammonia. Currently, Thailand experiences energy problem due to dependency on the fossil fuel energy
sources, which are limited and will be exhausted in the near future. Switching to rely on renewable energy
sources will definitely solve the problem in the sustainable way. The peels containing high organic
content are potentially converted to methane through the fermentation process. Methane produced from
the anaerobic digestion of banana peel can also be used to generate energy under mesophilic temperature
conditions (Table 1). Bardiya et al. (1996) operated 2 L anaerobic digesters seeded with sludge from a
cattle dung digester at a hydraulic residence time (HRT) of 40 days and achieved a methane yield of 190
L CH4 kg-1 dry banana peel, which improved to 201 L CH4 kg-1 when the banana peel was dried and
powdered [3]. Gunaseelan (2004) [4] examined the peel of eight different cultivars of banana in the
standard biochemical methane potential (BMP) test (Owen et al., 1979) [5], where 0.5 g of powdered
sample was digested in 135 mL serum bottles inoculated with sludge from an existing bench-scale
digester. However, the yields produced by Gunaseelan (2004) were unusually high, evident by control
digestions on cellulose where the methane yield exceeded the theoretical maximum by 13% [6]. This
study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of biomethane production from fresh banana peel in mesophilic
batch operation and the impact of organic loading on the biomethane production.
1. Introduction
Banana, a tropical fruit, is widely cultivated over 130 countries worldwide. Globally, its product (about
16%) is the second largest amount compared with other fruits [1]. This fruit is important to Thailand’s
economy because it is consumed in country and annually exported more than 300 million baths [2].
Banana was increasingly exported about 34.3 % in the first seven months in 2007 and its value has
increased to 53.4 % in 2008. Banana can be consumed in the fresh form and 80% of ripe banana is
processed and is ingredient in many types of food such as baby food, banana streamed pastry, deep fried
banana, sun-dried banana, sweet banana crisp, and banana stirs. In general banana peel was abandoned as
a solid waste. When the peel was decomposed, it produces noxious gases such as hydrogen sulphide and
ammonia. Currently, Thailand experiences energy problem due to dependency on the fossil fuel energy
sources, which are limited and will be exhausted in the near future. Switching to rely on renewable energy
sources will definitely solve the problem in the sustainable way. The peels containing high organic
content are potentially converted to methane through the fermentation process. Methane produced from
the anaerobic digestion of banana peel can also be used to generate energy under mesophilic temperature
conditions (Table 1). Bardiya et al. (1996) operated 2 L anaerobic digesters seeded with sludge from a
cattle dung digester at a hydraulic residence time (HRT) of 40 days and achieved a methane yield of 190
L CH4 kg-1 dry banana peel, which improved to 201 L CH4 kg-1 when the banana peel was dried and
powdered [3]. Gunaseelan (2004) [4] examined the peel of eight different cultivars of banana in the
standard biochemical methane potential (BMP) test (Owen et al., 1979) [5], where 0.5 g of powdered
sample was digested in 135 mL serum bottles inoculated with sludge from an existing bench-scale
digester. However, the yields produced by Gunaseelan (2004) were unusually high, evident by control
digestions on cellulose where the methane yield exceeded the theoretical maximum by 13% [6]. This
study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of biomethane production from fresh banana peel in mesophilic
batch operation and the impact of organic loading on the biomethane production.
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