The following types of bioenergy such as biodiesel, synthetic
diesel and gasoline, and biogas were co-produced in the scenarios
presented in Fig. 1. The various types of bioenergy produced were
converted to a total equivalent energy value using the lower heating
value of the respective bioenergy. Sludge, and biochar produced
were applied on the agricultural field and the remaining
carbon dioxide in the applied sludge/biochar after 100 years was
credited from the total global warming gas emission.