These may seem to be linguistic rather than cultural matters.
Indeed, they beg the question of the relationship between language and culture, for translation as conventionally defined, is between languages not cultures. Yet, as even a simple example will show, translation cannot be conducted at a purely linguistic level but must incorporate cultural and contextual factors too. Take, for example, the translation of the English pronoun ‘you’ into language which has a distinction between an informal second – person pronoun and a formal one ( tn versus vous in French for example ) . In every instance a decision must be made about which to choose, and it cannot be based upon linguistic equivalence alone.