Audit tenure (TENURE) is the period of audit provided by (external) auditor to a
client (company). Technically speaking, TENURE equals one for Company A in 2007 if its
auditor in 2007 is not the same as in 2006. However, TENURE for Company A in 2007
equals two, three, or greater if its auditor in 2007 is the same as in previous consecutive years.
Dummy variable of audit firm size (DAUDITOR) is a measurement of audit firm size.
DAUDITOR equals one if the company is audited by an audit firm which is affiliated with a
big four audit firm and equals zero if the company is not audited by an audit firm which is
affiliated with a big four audit firm. The list of Indonesian audit firms which have affiliation
with big four audit firms is presented on Table 3.2
Dummy variable of audit opinion (DOPINION) is the type of opinion stated by
auditor following the financial statement audit task to a client (company). DOPINION equals
one if company receives unqualified opinion from auditor and it equals zero if the opinion is
other than unqualified opinion