5.1. Instructional design
In the years preceding this intervention, general studies (GS)
projects had been implemented under the direction of the GS teacher
only. In response to the observations concerning students' IT and
information literacy needs mentioned in the introduction, the first
author of this article and the school principal provided guidance and
leadership in bringing the teachers and the school librarian in this
study to work together to guide the primary 4 (P4)2 students on
projects that involved information research from printed and Internet
sources.3 The instructional design was based on the models and
guidelines created by Harada and Yoshina (2004a,b) and Kuhlthau
(1997, 2003), and was conducted over a period of six months.