Aβ2 M Amyloidosis
Aβ2 M (or dialysis-related) amyloidosis often occurs in patients suffering from kidney failure who have been on dialysis for many years. A circulating serum protein, beta-2 microglobulin (β M2), accumulates in the blood because it is unable to cross through the dialysis filter. Because β M2 cannot be excreted from the body, the resulting amyloid builds up in tissues, particularly in the joints and tendons.
This causes pain, stiffness and fluid in the joints, as well as
carpal tunnel syndrome.
Localized Amyloidosis
Though the major forms of amyloidosis are described above, it is important to recognize that amyloid deposits may occasionally occur in isolated areas without evidence of a systemic disease. These localized, tumor-like deposits most often occur in the bladder and airways (e.g., trachea