Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is common practice for increasing range of motion,
though little research has been done to evaluate theories behind it. The purpose of this study was to review
possible mechanisms, proposed theories, and physiological changes that occur due to proprioceptive
neuromuscular facilitation techniques. Four theoretical mechanisms were identified: autogenic inhibition,
reciprocal inhibition, stress relaxation, and the gate control theory. The studies suggest that a combination of
these four mechanisms enhance range of motion. When completed prior to exercise, proprioceptive
neuromuscular facilitation decreases performance in maximal effort exercises. When this stretching
technique is performed consistently and post exercise, it increases athletic performance, along with range of
motion. Little investigation has been done regarding the theoretical mechanisms of proprioceptive
neuromuscular facilitation, though four mechanisms were identified from the literature. As stated, the main
goal of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation is to increase range of motion and performance. Studies
found both of these to be true when completed under the correct conditions. These mechanisms were found
to be plausible; however, further investigation needs to be conducted. All four mechanisms behind the
stretching technique explain the reasoning behind the increase in range of motion, as well as in strength and
athletic performance. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation shows potential benefits if performed
correctly and consistently.