Authentic leadership is grounded in the principle found in the familiar adage from Greek philosophy to thine self be true." Authentic leaders exhibit a consistency between their values, their beliefs, and their actions The roots authentic leadership are also in various expressions of the humanistic movement in psychology including Maslows theory of self-actualization(see Chapter 9) and Carl Rogers's concept of the fully functioning person," Central to both of these is the idea that individuals can develop modes of understanding and interacting with their social environments so as to become more truly independent of others' expectations of them(individual, group, and cultural) and guided more by the dictates of universal truths and imperatives Such individuals manifest congruence between how they feel on the inside and how they act, between what they say and what they do. They have realistic self-perceptions, free from the blind spots and misperceptions of self that are common to most people. At the same time, they are accepting of themselves, their nature, and that of others too