the nipple/areola. Sublingual pressure can be applied by the mother as she slips her index finger directly behind and under the tip of the chin where the tongue attaches, limiting the downward movement of the jaw. Areolar edema may compromise latch. Use reverse pressure softening (Cotterman, 2004) or areolar compression (Miller & Riordan, 2004) to displace fluid away from the nipple and expose the nipple for an easier latch. Flat nipples can be everted with a modified syringe (Kesaree et al., 1993) or commercial device designed to evert flat nipples.