INTRODUCTION
Environment and development problems are complex and there cannot be generalised and
simplified solutions. Answers are to be found which are ecologically, economically and socioculturally
consistent in the particular milieu. For achieving the integration of environmental
consideration into development planning there has to be "capacity building" ameliorative action.
One of the most serious challenges facing contemporary development planners and agencies has
been the growing damage to our basic life support systems, comprising land, water, flora, fauna
and the atmosphere thereby rendering current patterns of economic development ecologically
unsustainable. This was highlighted at the UN conference on Environment and Development
(UNCED) held at Rio de Janeiro in June 1992. UNCED urged the development at the global and
country levels, and Agenda 21 plan of action which would help to foster economic growth based
on sound ecological ground rules. For implementing this, an urgent need is the development of
national and local level capacity for formulating and implementing an Agenda 21 (highlighting
the conservation of biological diversity in respective countries) based on the principle
" think
and plan locally while acting nationally and globally".
TROPICAL TIDAL ECOSYSTEMS
Mangroves are salt-tolerant forest ecosystems of tropical and sub-tropical Intertidal regions of
the World. Under suitable conditions, the mangroves form extensive and productive forests in
the sheltered coastlines. They are rich reservoirs of species of plants and animals, associated
together over a long evolutionary time, and still imperfectly known and not fully understood.
Sometimes, the word "mangal"is used for the whole mangrove community and "mangrove" for
the individual species of plants.
Mangrove forests provide a wide range of services including prevention of damage by coastal
storms and promotion of sustainable fisheries. Unfortunately coastal ecosystems which protect
the livelihood security of over half the human population are under varying degrees of threat
due to reasons such as the following:
a. Deforestation for human and industrial uses,
b. Waste disposal-garbage, sewage and solid and toxic wastes dumped or discharged into mangrove
areas,
c. Mining and oil spills,
d. Land reclamation for purposes like housing, industries, ports, roads and canals,
e. Coastal aquaculture, and
f. Salt manufacture.
INTRODUCTIONEnvironment and development problems are complex and there cannot be generalised andsimplified solutions. Answers are to be found which are ecologically, economically and socioculturallyconsistent in the particular milieu. For achieving the integration of environmentalconsideration into development planning there has to be "capacity building" ameliorative action.One of the most serious challenges facing contemporary development planners and agencies hasbeen the growing damage to our basic life support systems, comprising land, water, flora, faunaand the atmosphere thereby rendering current patterns of economic development ecologicallyunsustainable. This was highlighted at the UN conference on Environment and Development(UNCED) held at Rio de Janeiro in June 1992. UNCED urged the development at the global andcountry levels, and Agenda 21 plan of action which would help to foster economic growth basedon sound ecological ground rules. For implementing this, an urgent need is the development ofnational and local level capacity for formulating and implementing an Agenda 21 (highlightingthe conservation of biological diversity in respective countries) based on the principle" thinkand plan locally while acting nationally and globally".TROPICAL TIDAL ECOSYSTEMSMangroves are salt-tolerant forest ecosystems of tropical and sub-tropical Intertidal regions ofthe World. Under suitable conditions, the mangroves form extensive and productive forests inthe sheltered coastlines. They are rich reservoirs of species of plants and animals, associatedtogether over a long evolutionary time, and still imperfectly known and not fully understood.Sometimes, the word "mangal"is used for the whole mangrove community and "mangrove" forthe individual species of plants.Mangrove forests provide a wide range of services including prevention of damage by coastalstorms and promotion of sustainable fisheries. Unfortunately coastal ecosystems which protectthe livelihood security of over half the human population are under varying degrees of threatdue to reasons such as the following:a. Deforestation for human and industrial uses,b. Waste disposal-garbage, sewage and solid and toxic wastes dumped or discharged into mangroveareas,c. Mining and oil spills,d. Land reclamation for purposes like housing, industries, ports, roads and canals,e. Coastal aquaculture, andf. Salt manufacture.
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