If left unchecked, unsustainable patterns are likely to intensify, increasing the potentialfor global energy and environmental crises, and undermining progress being madeon sustainable development and growth. This chapter highlights the relevance ofsustainability imperatives in the freight transport sector and focuses on the needto reduce the sector’s energy consumption and air emissions. Some of the maindevelopments and initiatives undertaken by countries, industry and the internationalcommunity with a view to promoting sustainable freight transport are also presented,implement a shift towards sustainable freight transport systems.