แปลภาษาอังกฤษเป็นไทย ออนไลน์ แปลภาษา แปลข้อความ แปลบทความ แปลเอกสาร แปลประโยคอังกฤษเป็นไทยทั้งประโยค แปลเอกสารภาษาอังกฤษเป็นภาษาไทยทั้งประโยค แปลประโยคอังกฤษเป็นไทย แปลอังกฤษ แปลไทย ฟรี [Translate] English to Thai Translation Translate Translator , ภาษาอังกฤษ มีใช้ในประเทศออสเตรเลีย แคนาดา ไอร์แลนด์ นิวซีแลนด์ สหราชอาณาจักร สหรัฐอเมริกา ไลบีเรีย เบลีซ แอฟริกาใต้ อินเดียMonitoring & Acoustic Treatment
Studio Installation Workshop
Published in SOS May 2003
Printer-friendly versionBookmark and Share
Technique : DIY
It's little use spending money on fancy mics, processors and plug-ins if your speakers are badly placed and your room's frequency response has more peaks than the Himalayas! So this month we'll be looking at practical ways to improve your recording and listening environments.
Mallory Nicholls
One of the thorniest issues when installing a studio is that of room construction and acoustics. Why thorny? Well, in my experience, if you ask any number of 'acoustics experts' to design a room or solve a room problem, you will get any amount of conflicting advice. I should say that I have no formal qualifications in acoustics. I have, however, designed a number of high-profile, Dolby-licensed rooms and also debugged acoustics for some major clients in my role as a studio installer. In fact, I got into acoustic design as a result of lessons learnt debugging other people's designs.
Even if you are able to afford the services of professionals, my advice would be to check their work at every step of the installation. I once saw a monitoring system in a room that had been designed, installed and commissioned by a well-known acoustics company, where one of the front loudspeakers was operating out of phase. I assumed that the fault would be traced to crossed wires somewhere in the audio jackfield, but it was actually caused by the left soffit-mounted loudspeaker being connected incorrectly. This major fault had gone unnoticed, and the room was signed off with the fault in place!
We're going to look at a number of different acoustics scenarios, from correcting simple problems in home studios, to a ground-up design for a small project studio. We shall also look at a very important and much overloo
Figure 1. The ideal positioning of speakers in relation to the listener for monitoring.
ked subject, which as a loudspeaker designer is close to my heart: loudspeaker mounting, placement and orientation.
Room Acoustics Problems
Why should we worry about acoustics or look for problems? When you mix music (or anything else for that matter) in a room with acoustics problems, the material may sound fine in that location, but when the mix is subsequently played back somewhere else, it may sound quite different -- and often not good at all! If the mix environment has minor problems, the effects may be quite innocuous, such as a small changes in bass or treble content. In extreme cases, the balance may fall apart, or may contain elements that weren't heard during the mix -- a more common problem than you may think.
Imagine, for a moment, that your room is bass light. While you mix, to get what sounds like a good result, you will instinctively dial in more bass on bass instruments and kick drums. When played back in a 'normal' listening environment, the mix will sound very bass-heavy and uncontrolled. This situation is certainly not confined to small or amateur studios. Anyone listening at home with a system that includes a subwoofer will often come across commercial recordings with all manner of strange problems in the bottom end. Also, the level of very low bass varies tremendously between recordings. The reason for this will be that the mix and/or mastering engineers simply couldn't hear that low in the studios they used. I also find that there are great benefits in being able to see the woofer cones in the mix room. This is one of the reasons I do not recommend using speaker grilles -- try playing Steely Dan's Two Against Nature while watching your monitors to see what I mean!
The major problems afflicting domestic or semi-professional mix rooms and studios will include the following:
Low-frequency problems: too little bass, or bass hot and cold spots throughout the room.
High-frequency problems: too much reverberation in the room, or poor imaging.
Isolation problems: Extraneous noise and leakage between rooms/buildings.
Choosing & Installing Monitors
Before we look into solving these acoustics problems, I would first like to discuss loudspeaker choice and mounting. It is important to look at this area first, as it will be impossible to make accurate acoustic judgements without sensible speaker mounting and positioning. The positioning, orientation and mounting of loudspeakers can h
Figure 2. If your monitors are positioned incorrectly with relation to the monitoring position, path lengths from the different drivers will be different, resulting in response anomalies around the crossover frequency. A simple solution to this is to mount the speaker at an angle to make the path lengths equal.
ave a huge influence on the final sound of a room, so it is wise to examine this from the outset. A number of pitfalls await the novice studio installer, the most problematic being the choice of speaker and positioning. You may think it strange to group these two topics under the same heading, but they are critically related.
In many home studios, by necessity, the speakers will be placed against a wall, whereas in larger rooms they may be used free-standing and well away from any boundaries. To get good results with speakers against a wall, it is vital that they are not rear ported, as the proximity of the wall to the rear of the speakers will stop the ports working correctly and will result in uneven bass. Also, when positioned in this way, the apparent bass output of any speaker will increase. Therefore it is important that you don't choose bass-heavy speakers that were not intended for this usage. When buying speakers for your studio, try to audition them with a placement similar to how you will use them. If they will be used against a wall, try them this way at the dealer. Conversely, if they will be used well away from walls, don't be tempted to judge a speaker which is grouped together with many others in the showroom. Insist that they are moved into a sensible room position -- any good dealer will expect to do this as a matter of course.
As I discussed in my article on subwoofers (SOS July 2002), try to avoid placing your speakers in the corners of the room. Again, this will boost the bass end and result in inaccurate results. The ideal speaker position will place the listener and speakers at points on an equilateral triangle, as shown in Figure 1. If your room will not allow this, it is better to have the speakers too close together than too far apart. If the speakers are spaced too widely, you will get a 'hole' in the middle of the image, making accurate panning and acoustic placement impossible.
Having made your choice, the next step is to devise a secure mounting arrangement. The sound of many speakers will be disappointing and unpredictable if they are not mounted securely. This is easy to understand if you consider the tiny distances that the woofer cone and tweeter dome move in normal use. If the bass energy of the speaker is able to move its box (remember, every action will have an equal and opposite reaction), the movement will subtract from the bass output and may well be greater than the tweeter excursion, leading to a reduction in definition. This is the reason why spiked loudspeaker stands have become the norm. Whether you are mounting your speakers on a shelf or a stand, placing a small blob of Blu-Tac under each speaker corner will stop them moving. If they are floor-standing types, use a dedicated spike kit, especially if the stands are placed on carpet.
It is vital that the speakers are used in the orientation that they were designed for and also that you are on-axis to them vertically, and normally horizontally, in your normal listening position. If a speaker is used in the wrong orientation, the frequency response will suffer badly. Do not be tempted to lay the speakers on their sides for convenience. Listening off the normal vertical axis will not only cause response errors, but also notches in the response around the crossover frequency. This occurs because of phase cancellation between the loudspeaker drivers in the off-axis vertical plane. Figure 2 shows a typical situation where the speakers are placed on a shelf above the mixing console. In this example, there is a 6cm distance difference between the tweeter and woofer at the mix position. This difference means that the high frequencies from the tweeter arrive around 174µs behind those of the woofer. If we assume that the speaker has a crossover frequency of 2.8KHz, which is typical, th
Figure 3. A plan for constructing a cheap bass absorber -- the design of one of the internal cardboard slats is shown to the right. A front panel of perforated hardboard (pegboard) should also be fitted, but has been omitted here for clarity.
is will mean a dip of approximately 3dB in the response at this frequency. If the distance were greater, a total cancellation would occur. Clearly, this is not what we want. The simplest solution here would be to tilt the speaker towards the mix position to eliminate the time difference and even out the frequency response.
Treating High-frequency Acoustics
Now that we have our speakers well organised, we can move on to sorting out the room acoustics. Let's start by finding a way to identify problems in an existing room. High-frequenc
แปลภาษาอังกฤษเป็นไทย ออนไลน์ แปลภาษา แปลข้อความ แปลบทความ แปลเอกสาร แปลประโยคอังกฤษเป็นไทยทั้งประโยค แปลเอกสารภาษาอังกฤษเป็นภาษาไทยทั้งประโยค แปลประโยคอังกฤษเป็นไทย แปลอังกฤษ แปลไทย ฟรี [Translate] English to Thai Translation Translate Translator , ภาษาอังกฤษ มีใช้ในประเทศออสเตรเลีย แคนาดา ไอร์แลนด์ นิวซีแลนด์ สหราชอาณาจักร สหรัฐอเมริกา ไลบีเรีย เบลีซ แอฟริกาใต้ อินเดียMonitoring & Acoustic Treatment
Studio Installation Workshop
Published in SOS May 2003
Printer-friendly versionBookmark and Share
Technique : DIY
It's little use spending money on fancy mics, processors and plug-ins if your speakers are badly placed and your room's frequency response has more peaks than the Himalayas! So this month we'll be looking at practical ways to improve your recording and listening environments.
Mallory Nicholls
One of the thorniest issues when installing a studio is that of room construction and acoustics. Why thorny? Well, in my experience, if you ask any number of 'acoustics experts' to design a room or solve a room problem, you will get any amount of conflicting advice. I should say that I have no formal qualifications in acoustics. I have, however, designed a number of high-profile, Dolby-licensed rooms and also debugged acoustics for some major clients in my role as a studio installer. In fact, I got into acoustic design as a result of lessons learnt debugging other people's designs.
Even if you are able to afford the services of professionals, my advice would be to check their work at every step of the installation. I once saw a monitoring system in a room that had been designed, installed and commissioned by a well-known acoustics company, where one of the front loudspeakers was operating out of phase. I assumed that the fault would be traced to crossed wires somewhere in the audio jackfield, but it was actually caused by the left soffit-mounted loudspeaker being connected incorrectly. This major fault had gone unnoticed, and the room was signed off with the fault in place!
We're going to look at a number of different acoustics scenarios, from correcting simple problems in home studios, to a ground-up design for a small project studio. We shall also look at a very important and much overloo
Figure 1. The ideal positioning of speakers in relation to the listener for monitoring.
ked subject, which as a loudspeaker designer is close to my heart: loudspeaker mounting, placement and orientation.
Room Acoustics Problems
Why should we worry about acoustics or look for problems? When you mix music (or anything else for that matter) in a room with acoustics problems, the material may sound fine in that location, but when the mix is subsequently played back somewhere else, it may sound quite different -- and often not good at all! If the mix environment has minor problems, the effects may be quite innocuous, such as a small changes in bass or treble content. In extreme cases, the balance may fall apart, or may contain elements that weren't heard during the mix -- a more common problem than you may think.
Imagine, for a moment, that your room is bass light. While you mix, to get what sounds like a good result, you will instinctively dial in more bass on bass instruments and kick drums. When played back in a 'normal' listening environment, the mix will sound very bass-heavy and uncontrolled. This situation is certainly not confined to small or amateur studios. Anyone listening at home with a system that includes a subwoofer will often come across commercial recordings with all manner of strange problems in the bottom end. Also, the level of very low bass varies tremendously between recordings. The reason for this will be that the mix and/or mastering engineers simply couldn't hear that low in the studios they used. I also find that there are great benefits in being able to see the woofer cones in the mix room. This is one of the reasons I do not recommend using speaker grilles -- try playing Steely Dan's Two Against Nature while watching your monitors to see what I mean!
The major problems afflicting domestic or semi-professional mix rooms and studios will include the following:
Low-frequency problems: too little bass, or bass hot and cold spots throughout the room.
High-frequency problems: too much reverberation in the room, or poor imaging.
Isolation problems: Extraneous noise and leakage between rooms/buildings.
Choosing & Installing Monitors
Before we look into solving these acoustics problems, I would first like to discuss loudspeaker choice and mounting. It is important to look at this area first, as it will be impossible to make accurate acoustic judgements without sensible speaker mounting and positioning. The positioning, orientation and mounting of loudspeakers can h
Figure 2. If your monitors are positioned incorrectly with relation to the monitoring position, path lengths from the different drivers will be different, resulting in response anomalies around the crossover frequency. A simple solution to this is to mount the speaker at an angle to make the path lengths equal.
ave a huge influence on the final sound of a room, so it is wise to examine this from the outset. A number of pitfalls await the novice studio installer, the most problematic being the choice of speaker and positioning. You may think it strange to group these two topics under the same heading, but they are critically related.
In many home studios, by necessity, the speakers will be placed against a wall, whereas in larger rooms they may be used free-standing and well away from any boundaries. To get good results with speakers against a wall, it is vital that they are not rear ported, as the proximity of the wall to the rear of the speakers will stop the ports working correctly and will result in uneven bass. Also, when positioned in this way, the apparent bass output of any speaker will increase. Therefore it is important that you don't choose bass-heavy speakers that were not intended for this usage. When buying speakers for your studio, try to audition them with a placement similar to how you will use them. If they will be used against a wall, try them this way at the dealer. Conversely, if they will be used well away from walls, don't be tempted to judge a speaker which is grouped together with many others in the showroom. Insist that they are moved into a sensible room position -- any good dealer will expect to do this as a matter of course.
As I discussed in my article on subwoofers (SOS July 2002), try to avoid placing your speakers in the corners of the room. Again, this will boost the bass end and result in inaccurate results. The ideal speaker position will place the listener and speakers at points on an equilateral triangle, as shown in Figure 1. If your room will not allow this, it is better to have the speakers too close together than too far apart. If the speakers are spaced too widely, you will get a 'hole' in the middle of the image, making accurate panning and acoustic placement impossible.
Having made your choice, the next step is to devise a secure mounting arrangement. The sound of many speakers will be disappointing and unpredictable if they are not mounted securely. This is easy to understand if you consider the tiny distances that the woofer cone and tweeter dome move in normal use. If the bass energy of the speaker is able to move its box (remember, every action will have an equal and opposite reaction), the movement will subtract from the bass output and may well be greater than the tweeter excursion, leading to a reduction in definition. This is the reason why spiked loudspeaker stands have become the norm. Whether you are mounting your speakers on a shelf or a stand, placing a small blob of Blu-Tac under each speaker corner will stop them moving. If they are floor-standing types, use a dedicated spike kit, especially if the stands are placed on carpet.
It is vital that the speakers are used in the orientation that they were designed for and also that you are on-axis to them vertically, and normally horizontally, in your normal listening position. If a speaker is used in the wrong orientation, the frequency response will suffer badly. Do not be tempted to lay the speakers on their sides for convenience. Listening off the normal vertical axis will not only cause response errors, but also notches in the response around the crossover frequency. This occurs because of phase cancellation between the loudspeaker drivers in the off-axis vertical plane. Figure 2 shows a typical situation where the speakers are placed on a shelf above the mixing console. In this example, there is a 6cm distance difference between the tweeter and woofer at the mix position. This difference means that the high frequencies from the tweeter arrive around 174µs behind those of the woofer. If we assume that the speaker has a crossover frequency of 2.8KHz, which is typical, th
Figure 3. A plan for constructing a cheap bass absorber -- the design of one of the internal cardboard slats is shown to the right. A front panel of perforated hardboard (pegboard) should also be fitted, but has been omitted here for clarity.
is will mean a dip of approximately 3dB in the response at this frequency. If the distance were greater, a total cancellation would occur. Clearly, this is not what we want. The simplest solution here would be to tilt the speaker towards the mix position to eliminate the time difference and even out the frequency response.
Treating High-frequency Acoustics
Now that we have our speakers well organised, we can move on to sorting out the room acoustics. Let's start by finding a way to identify problems in an existing room. High-frequenc
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
