The result of the shadow negotiation is a social contract regarding
How the negotiation will proceed
Who has influence and power
What the boundaries of the negotiation are
Power moves: designed to bring bargainers back to the table
Three kinds of power moves
Incentives – draw the attention to the importance of the negotiation
Pressure tactics – lead the other party to realize that the status quo is unacceptable
Enlistment of allies – help the other party see the advantage of negotiating
Process moves: designed to alter the negotiation process itself through adjustments to the agenda, sequencing, decision rules, and the like
Appreciative moves: designed to break cycles of contentiousness that may have led to deteriorating communication, acrimony, or even silence
Negotiators can:
Protect themselves
Keep in mind their real interests
Negotiation may be the preferred approach to achieve those interests
Excessive accommodation to the high-power party will not serve them well over the long term
Cultivate their best alternative (BATNA)
Lack of a BATNA gives negotiators less power and limits what they can achieve