3.2. Shelf life of pasteurized milk in different packaging films
Raw milk, pasteurized milk (immediately after pasteurization) and microfiltered-milk were analyzed for physicochemical and microbiological techniques cited above. Results are presented in Table 5. All samples showed high physicochemical and microbiological quality, which are in accordance with the new standards required by the Brazilian legislation (Table 6) (MAPA, 2011). The raw milk was standardized and pasteurized (74 8C for 15 s), packed in different packaging materials and further the changes during storage time were analyzed over a period of 30 d. Concerning microbiological quality during milk shelf life, no differences ( p > 0.05) were observed for the microbial counts (mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria) among the samples packed in different packaging films. Multilayer packaging is a barrier for oxygen, which is essential for growth of aerobic microorganisms. At storage conditions (5 8Cfor 21 d), we didnot observe any differences inthemicrobial quality ofmilksamples packaged indifferent films including themonolayer film, which is traditionally used to pack milk in Brazil. Fig. 3 shows the growth behavior of mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria in milk during storage for 21 d. After 9 d of storage,the mesophilic count(4 104 CFU/mL) washigher thantheamount requiredby Brazilianlegislation(MAPA, 2011).However,Walstra et al. (2006, chap. 1) demonstrated that changes in milk due to bacteria growth are not detectable until 5 106 CFU/mL and 20 106 CFU/mL are present depending on bacterial species. On the 9th day of storage, the psychrotrophic bacteria count increased by approximately three log cycles. At the end of the study,this count reached106 –108 CFU/mL.According toWalstra et al. (2006, chap. 1), off-flavor development in pasteurized milk due to psychrotrophs occurs when counts are higher than 107 CFU/mL. The results are in opposition to Vassila et al. (2002) who observed differences in mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria count for milk samples with different packaging materials. However, our results are in agreement with Moyssiadi et al. (2004), for growth of mesophilic bacteria in milk stored in high density polyethylene (HDPE) (mono and multilayer). To complete the characterization, physicochemical profiles of milk samples from the different packages were investigated. There was no difference ( p > 0.05) in acidity and pH of pasteurized milk stored in the different packages. However, these physicochemical parameters varied as a function of storage time (Fig. 4). In contrast to our expectations, fat oxidation did not increase ( p > 0.05) as the storage time increased or as a function of multilayered packaging even though each of the films had differences in oxygen and light barriers. The average fat oxidation in
3.2 การอายุการเก็บรักษานมพาสเจอร์ไรส์ในฟิล์มบรรจุภัณฑ์ที่แตกต่างกัน Raw milk, pasteurized milk (immediately after pasteurization) and microfiltered-milk were analyzed for physicochemical and microbiological techniques cited above. Results are presented in Table 5. All samples showed high physicochemical and microbiological quality, which are in accordance with the new standards required by the Brazilian legislation (Table 6) (MAPA, 2011). The raw milk was standardized and pasteurized (74 8C for 15 s), packed in different packaging materials and further the changes during storage time were analyzed over a period of 30 d. Concerning microbiological quality during milk shelf life, no differences ( p > 0.05) were observed for the microbial counts (mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria) among the samples packed in different packaging films. Multilayer packaging is a barrier for oxygen, which is essential for growth of aerobic microorganisms. At storage conditions (5 8Cfor 21 d), we didnot observe any differences inthemicrobial quality ofmilksamples packaged indifferent films including themonolayer film, which is traditionally used to pack milk in Brazil. Fig. 3 shows the growth behavior of mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria in milk during storage for 21 d. After 9 d of storage,the mesophilic count(4 104 CFU/mL) washigher thantheamount requiredby Brazilianlegislation(MAPA, 2011).However,Walstra et al. (2006, chap. 1) demonstrated that changes in milk due to bacteria growth are not detectable until 5 106 CFU/mL and 20 106 CFU/mL are present depending on bacterial species. On the 9th day of storage, the psychrotrophic bacteria count increased by approximately three log cycles. At the end of the study,this count reached106 –108 CFU/mL.According toWalstra et al. (2006, chap. 1), off-flavor development in pasteurized milk due to psychrotrophs occurs when counts are higher than 107 CFU/mL. The results are in opposition to Vassila et al. (2002) who observed differences in mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria count for milk samples with different packaging materials. However, our results are in agreement with Moyssiadi et al. (2004), for growth of mesophilic bacteria in milk stored in high density polyethylene (HDPE) (mono and multilayer). To complete the characterization, physicochemical profiles of milk samples from the different packages were investigated. There was no difference ( p > 0.05) in acidity and pH of pasteurized milk stored in the different packages. However, these physicochemical parameters varied as a function of storage time (Fig. 4). In contrast to our expectations, fat oxidation did not increase ( p > 0.05) as the storage time increased or as a function of multilayered packaging even though each of the films had differences in oxygen and light barriers. The average fat oxidation in
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
