Some services (e.g., information and communications technologies) are intensive in the use of new knowledge to innovate. Pavitt (1984), and more recently Hjalager (2002), characterize the hotel industry as a supplier-dominated sector that innovates throughout the incorporation of technological elements developed by its suppliers. Similarly, Sundbo (1997) in a study of financial services, tourism and management consultancy, concludes that these service innovations are not science based.