Consumer products, foods, and pharmaceutical products are usually packed directly into the final packaging for quality control purposes, and are then boxed for delivery to wholesalers. Since the final packaging contains a relatively small quantity of material (typically less than 1 kg), the packa-ging operations are highly automated. The food, beverage, and consumer products industries have developed highly integrated systems for weighing (or metering), filling, sealing, inspecting, stack-ing, and boxing small containers at rates up to the order of ten units per second. Details of packa-ging and filling equipment must be obtained in consultation with the equipment manufacturer.