Good antenna performance can be achieved by using a thick dielectric substrate and having a low
dielectric constant. It is desirable for obtaining improved bandwidth, high efficiency and good
radiation characteristics leading to larger antenna size. Designing a compact antenna requires higher
dielectric constant, leading to narrower bandwidth, lesser efficiency and higher loss tangents
(dissipation factors) [18]. Hence, the final design in this paper required a trade-off between antenna
dimensions and antenna performance, depending on the system requirement. In this design, the use of
pair of broad slots on the radiating element (patch) are etched and it appear as discontinuity to the
microstrip transmission line and provide a transverse component of current, which generates a
longitudinal component of the magnetic field and is modelled as series inductance [20], so the
electrical length of the patch increases, thus lowering the resonant frequency to achieve compactness
of the antenna for fixed frequency operation. The antenna incorporated with the slots also has an
advantage that it introduces a capacitance that suppresses some of the inductance introduced by the
coax feed due to the thick substrate. The upper conducting layer, i.e., the patch element of the antenna
is the source of radiation and it radiates primarily because of the fringing fields between the patch
edge and the ground plane. The lower conducting layer acts as a perfectly reflecting ground plane,
bouncing energy back through the substrate and into the free space. The various parameters of the
fabricated microstrip slot antennas (MSSA) are measured on Vector Network Analyzer (Rohde and
Schwarz, Germany make ZVK model 1127.8651) which has a operating frequency range starting from
30 MHz to 40 GHz.