Mental health professionals too, have historically displayed "professional ageism" dating back to Freud, who was pessimistic about psychological change or the benefits of therapy in later life (Kimmel & Moody, 1990). Indeed, ageism can translate into a psychologist’s feelings of hopelessness and pessimism with the expectation of poor progress creating self-fulfilling prophesies and poor healthcare outcomes. Ageism also underlies findings such as the under-utilization of screening for functional ability, cognitive and affective functioning and the over-estimation of late life depression by many health providers who work with older adults (Lichtenberg, 1998). It has also been identified as one of the reasons why providers underestimate suicide risk in older patients (Uncapher and Areán, 2000). Additional information regarding the impact of ageism on the attitudes